peters



s Sheets-Sheet 1.

H. G.-HUNT.

Steam Engine. No. 233,622. Patented Oct. 26,1880.

3 Sheets- -Sheet 22.. H G. HUNT. Steam Engine.

No. 233,622. Patented Oct. 26,1880.

zrlllrllailllfi N. PEIERS. PHOYO-LITKOGRAFHER. WASHKNGTONV D c 3 Sheets-Sheet 3.. H. C. HUN T.

Steam Engine. 7 No. 233,622. Patented Oct. 26, I880.

NPETERS. PHOTG-LITHOGRAPNER. WASHINGTON. D 04 UNITED STATES Farnnr @rrica.

HENRY O. HUNT, OF NEYVARK, NEW JERSEY, ASSIGNOB, F ONE-HALF OF HIS RIGHT TO A. J. HALSEY, OF SAME PLACE.

STEAM-ENGINE.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 233,622, dated October 26, 1880,

Application filed May 15, 1878.

To all whom it may concern Be it known that I, HENRY O. HUNT, of the city of Newark, in the county of Essex and State of New Jersey, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Steam-Engines; and I hereby declare that the following is a full, clear, and exact description of the same, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, which form a part of this specification, in which Figure 1 is a side elevation complete. Fig. 2 is a perpendicular section from front to rear. Fig. 3 is a horizontal section taken in the line a: .00, Fig. 2. Fig. at is a horizontal section taken in the line 1; c, Fig. 2; Fig. 5, a horizontal section of the-cylinder c in the line y y and Fig.

6, a perpendicular section taken in the linezz, Fig. 5.

To enable those skilled in the art to which 7 my invention relates the better to understand and construct the same, I will describe it more fully.

In Fig. l, B represents an upright jacketed boiler provided with a central fire-box, grate, and heaters, not shown in this figure. D is the door leading to the furnace. to is the ashpit. B is the base upon which the whole rests; c, the point where the jacket is connected with the base B. 1" and r are cast-iron rings 0 which connect different sections of the jacket. to is an ordinary water-gage. F is the flange of the cylinder, which extends far enough beyond the boiler to connect with the jacket of the boiler. P P are tubular columns, which 5 support the engine and at the same time conduct the smoke to the arches a and a, which lead to and connect with the main pipe P.

c is a cast-iron urn, the foot ofwhich,f, constitutes the cylinder-head, and the stem H" contains the piston-rod, stuffin g-box, and crosshead, with its guide, as will be more fully shown in Fig. 2, while the bowl I) of the urn 12 supports on its upper edge the crank-shaft s, with the iiy-wheels h and h, and I is an 5 ordinary piston-pump leading to the bottom of the boiler B.

In Fig. 2, B is the outside boiler-plate, and B is the inside plate, which surrounds the firebox. These plates are made ofordinary boilerplate, and the outer one extends nearly the whole height, while the inner one only reaches about two inches above the fire-box, and is there covered with the plate B. This plate is arched the better to resist the pressure of the steam from above and it constitutes what might be termed-the upper bottom of the boiler, and at the same time the top of the combustion-chamber. This plate is pierced with holes, into which are fitted the pipes H H H, which pipes extend downward as far as may be without interfering with building or manipulating the fire, and the lower ends are closed steam-tight and are made thick, so as to resist the action of the fire, and will not therefore readily burn out, the object'of this arrangement being to secure a largely-increased amount of heating-surface in proportion to the amount of water to heat. These pipes or heaters H H H may be of uniform size or vary, and betaperingdownwardly. They are designed to stand (or hang either) at right angles with the surface of the plate B "at the point where they enter it. This would cause them. to converge downwardly, and taken collectively they hang in the shape of an inverted cone.

B represents the fire-box 0r furnace, which is cylindrical, is independent of the boiler, and only connected with it at the doorway D and ash-pit a, which doorway and ash-pit extend through the boiler far enough to connect with corresponding openings in the front of the said fire-box when placed in position. Said fire-box is held there by the key 70, which is fitted snugly between the fire-box and boiler at the rear side, and by this arrangement the fire-box may be replaced when burned out without removing bolts or rivets, which I believe is a new and desirable feature.

G represents the bars of the grate; r, the circular frame to which the grate is hung, and 0 Z the lever by which it is actuated, the whole of which is new, but does not need further description here, as that will be given in a separate application which will be made for the grate simultaneously with this one.

B is a cast-iron base upon which the whole rests, and the jacket j is connected with it at 0 in the same way that a stove-pipe connects with a stove, the said jacket j being enough larger than the boiler B to leave, as indicated :00

by the arrows pointing upward, a passage for the heat and smoke, after which it reaches the bottom of the diving-flue between the fire-box 13 and inner boiler-plate, B. (Indicated by the descending arrows.)

The jaeketj may be in one piece of sheet iron, or two or more sections connected by means of the rings 0' r, with the upper sections decreasing in size upwardly, as shown in the drawings.

H represents the head of the boiler, and is connected therewith in the ordinary way. Inthe center of this head there is an opening large enough to admit the cylinder 0. This opening is of such shape as to conform to the external surface of the cylinder, with its enlargements for the steam\vays,ports, &c'. The cylinder 0 has its lower head cast on solid, and the flange F, on the upper end, extends outward over and beyond the boiler far enough to connect with the upper end of the jacketj, and it curves downward so as to conform to the shape of the boiler-head II, the whole being connected with and secured to the boiler-head in any convenient and substantial way.

I P are tubular pillars or columns cast on or otherwise secured to the flange F. There are four of them, standing at equal distances from the center of plate F and from each other, and they constitute at the same time. columns to support and steady the engine and fines to conductthe smoke to the arches a and a, which archescommunicate with the pipe P. This pipe springs perpendicularly from the center of the arches a and a, which arches are formed by the convergence of the four fluesP to a common center above the engine.

o is an urn-shaped casting which occupies a central position between the columns P and directly over the cylinder O. The footj" of the said urn constitutes the head of the cylinder 0, while the stem H supports the bowl 0 and embraces the sleeve S, the stuffing-box S, piston-rod, and cross-head e. The bowl I) supports on its upper edge the crank-shaft S, suitable boxes being cast therein for that p nr pose, and over the whole there is a cap cast in connection with the arches a and a. This cap, in connection with the bowl 0, forms a hollow globe, within which the crank U and pitman P work, entirely concealed from view. This obviates the necessity for finishing anything but the wearing parts.

The stuffing-box S is formed byboring out the stem H sufficiently large to admit the sleeve S, thus forming a cylinder, at the upper end of which there are a few internal threads, 0/. The sleeve S is then fitted into this cylinder, having near its upper end a few external threads corresponding with those in the cylinder or stem. The lower end of this sleeve is closed, all but a hole large enough for the piston-rod to work through. WVhen the said piston-rod is in place and the packing is placed in the cylinder in the stem 11 the sleeve S is then placed in the cylinder and the packing compressed till the threads c connect with those on the sleeve, when, by a wrench or otherwise, the sleeve may be screwed down as tight as may be desired, being careful always to leave the slot through the top of the sleeve standing in line with the line of "ibration in the pitman P.

The inside of the sleeve S is bored out large enough to receive the cross-head c. This crosshead is round, and connects the upper end of the piston-rod c with the lower end of the pitman P, which is provided with the usual straps and keys. 0 indicates the drivingcrank 011 the shaft S.

U is the cylinder,in which consists the chief point of novelty, the piston P doing its own cutting off and letting on of the steam. There is no steam-chest other than the cylinder itself, which might be called the steam-chest, as the valves are located within it and are actuated by the piston in its movements to and fro.

o and c are two rings that are fitted snugly into the cylinder 0, one in each end. These rings each cover two. ports, there being two-one induction and one eduction portin each end of the cylinder 6. These ports are indicated by '5 and f, and are located in oppo site sides of the cylinder 0; but the inductionport t is situated about one and ahalf times its own width farther from the cylinder-head than the eduction-portf. By this arrangement, when the ring 0) moves away from the cylinder-headj" its inner edge moves onto the induction-porn and shuts off the steam. Just at this point the outside edge of the ring c" begins to move off from the eduction-portf, and continues to move forward until the said portf is fully opened, and the steam that has done its work freely escapes. \Vhile this is being done the ring 0 accomplishesjust the opposite result by moving onto the eductionport f and closes it, while it moves off from theinduction-porti and admits thelive steam. This operation is repeated at every half stroke or revolution of the engine, the rings '0 and c being connected together by means of two rods, 6, the lower end only of one rod being shown, just below the piston 19'' and up the piston-rod e, by the dotted lines. These rods 0 pass through the piston P in small stuffing-boxes, and are just long enough so that the piston P cannot complete its stroke without moving the rings 1) and 22 in the manner described above, thus accomplishing the work successfully and dispensing with very much unnecessary machinery and friction.

The ordinary check and governor valves may be used, both of which must be located in the front of the cylinder 0. in the opposite or rear side of the said cylinder is located the escape-passage a, connected with which is the governor, the said governor being actuated in the following manner by the escape steam after it has passed the cylinder 0: To the main cylinder there is cast a secondary cylinder, 0, of the same length, but smaller bore. This secondary cylinder communicates with the main cylinder through the escape-passage n, which enters the secondary cylinder at its lower end, just beneath the piston 42 in the secondary cylinder 0. To the piston 12 there is attached a rod, 1'', which extends upward through the flange F of the main cylinder 0. Behind, or rather at the side of, the secondary cylinder 0" is the escape-pipe, also cast onto the main cylinder, but only communicating with the secondary cylinder 0 by means of a longnarrow perpendicular port. (Not shown in this figure, as it is covered by the pistonrod W.) A top view is shown at 0, Fig. 5, and a side view at 0, Fig. 6. This port starts just above the piston n" when the said piston is at rest, as in Fig. 2. The rod of the piston n" connects above the flange F with the governor-valve lever l. Vhen the escape steam reaches the secondary cylinder 0, beneath the piston n, it can go no farther without raising the said piston till it opens the port 0. This does not affect the governor-valvetill the piston n is high enough to allow the engine to move at the desired speed. If the speed be then increased, there will, of course, be a greater amount of steam to escape in a given time, that will, of course, increase the pressure on or under the piston n,that will carry the said piston higher, and wit-l1 it the governor-valve lever I, thus closing the valve and shutting oft the steam and slacking the speed, and so the piston n cushions upon the exhaust-steam and regulates the speed of the engine very sensitively according to the work being done, and when the engine is stopped the piston n descends by its own weight to the bottom of the cylinder 0, thus closing the escape-passage and excluding cold air from the main cylinder C.

Fig. 3 is a top view of a transverse or horizontal section taken in the line 00 as, Fig. 2, in which F is the flange of the cylinder 0, which covers the entire boiler B and connects with the jacket j, as shown in Figs. 1 and 2.

B is the base. P P P P are the tubular columns; f, the foot of the urn 2 and head of the cylinder 0, as described in Fig. 2. H is the upright or stem of the said urn t. S is the sleeve and guide for the cross-head e and plunger for the stuffing-box S, as shown and described in Fig. 2. e is the cross-head that connects the piston-rod c with the pitman P. lis the governor-lever, and P the pump, all

of which is fully described and shown in Fig..

2. 1) is the door to the furnace, to the ash-pit, and w the water-gage.

Fig. 4 is a horizontal section taken in the line '1; a, Fig. 2, in which B is the boiler; B, the base; B, the fire-box; G, the grate; H, the heaters; D, the furnace-door; a, the ashpit, while the arrows indicate the flues, all of which is described in Fig. 2.

Fig. 5 is a horizontal section of the cylinder C taken in theline y y, Fig. 2, showing its connection with the governor, safety-valve,

and steama e in which 0 is the c 'linder with its steam passages n n, the valve ring 12', and the rods 0, that pass through the piston P and connect the valve-rings 'v and 'v. The piston and its rod are not shown, as the section is taken below them.

0 is the secondary cylinder, comnmnicating with the main cylinder 0 by means of the port.

(Shown in dotted lines at n.) The exhaustpipe is shown at d, and this pipe communicates with the cylinder 0 by means of the port or passage 0. This escape-pipe does not reach to the bottom of either of the cylinders G or 0", and it communicates with the steam-chamber in the boiler B through a hole in the bottom. This hole is closed by the valve 41, which has a stem, d, that reaches nearly to the top of the pipe (I. This stem is hollow, and has passing up through its center a small rod, which constitutes the steam-gage, which will be more clearly shown in Fig. 6.

In Fig. 6, G is the cylinder; 0, the secondary cylinder; 01,, the port leading into it from the main cylinder; 12-", the piston, and 1" the rod which reaches up through the flange F and connects with the governor-lever 1. (Shown in Figs. 2 and 3.) The white space 0, commencing near the top of the piston n and reaching to near the top of the cylinder, is the passage through which the steam escapes when the piston a is raised by the pressure of the steam underneath the said piston n".

d is the pipe into which the steam escapes, and is conducted by it into the flue between the head H of the boiler B and the flange F of the cylinder 0, Fig. 2, and from thence it passes with the smoke up the pipes P. In the bottom of the pipe at there is a funnel-shaped hole opening into the steam-chamber of the boiler B. into this hole there is fitted steamtight a valve, 1 which has a stem, at, which stem reaches to the top of the pipe at, this stem being small enough not to interfere with the free passage of the escape-steam, and yet it is large enough to be hollow and contain the coiled spring 3'. This spring abuts against a head in the upper end of the stem (1, the lower end of the hole in the stem (1 opening through the valve c into the steam-chamber of the boiler. This spring 8' actuates the rod shown at W, the lower end of which is exposed to the action of the steam.

The rod 1" passes through a rubber packing to prevent leakage at the top of the stem at, and from thence through the flange F of the cylinder G into a glass cover, 9. The upper end of this rod is marked with difierent colors-white, yellow, green, blue, and redso as to indicate the pressure of the steam. For instance, when there is no steam the spring 8' carries the rod down till its upper end, with its signal-colors, disappears below the glass cover g, and when the steam begins to rise it acts upon the lower end of the rod W,

compressing the spring 8' and raising the rod r, thus showing the first color, which indi cates a certain number of pounds pressure, and so it continues to rise asthe steam iiicreases until the five colors all appear, which indicates danger. By this time the spring 8' is entirely compressed, and the whole pressure, acting upon the valve o now raises it and lets the steam escape. This valve 12 is held to the desired amount of pressure by the spring 8, which rests upon the top of the stem (1. This spring, being secured to the under side of the flange F, is provided with a setscrew, by which its tension may be increased to any desirable pressure. This arrangement is only shown in section.

Having thus described my invention, its advantages are obvious: First, there are very many less parts than in other engines of the same character; second, it is less expensive to build; third, there is less friction, and consequently more power with the same steam fourth, there being less complication, itis less likely to get out of order; fifth, the working parts all being concealed but the fiy-wheels and pump, it is less dangerous for children and careless persons to work around it, 850.

\Nhat I claim as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent of the United States, is-

1. In the cylinders of reciprocating or directacting engines, valves 12 and 22, when situated one in each end of said cylinder and connected together by rods passing through the piston, substantially as shown and described.

2. In the cylinder of a reciprocating engine, the induction-ports t and t" and ed'uctionports f and f, all located substantially as and for the purpose described and shown.

3. In connection with the cylinder 0 of a reciprocating engine, the secondary cylinder 0, communicating with the cylinder 0 through the port n, and provided with the piston n", rod 1", and perpendicular port 0, substantially as and for the purpose shown and described.

4. In connection with the bowl I), supported by the stem H, the sleeve S, embracing the cross-head c, with the stuffing-box S, and all in connection with the headf of the cylinder 0, substantially as and forthe purposeshown and described.

5. In connection with the flange F of the cylinder 0, the tubular columns P P, connecting with the main pipe 1 through the arches a and a, substantially as and for the pur pose shown and described.

HENRY G. HUNT. Witnesses:

EonAcE HARRIS, ANDREW J. HALSEY. 

